A fracture is a bone injury that requires medical attention. If the fracture results from a major trauma or severe injury, emergency services should be contacted immediately.

Call for Emergency Assistance Immediately in the Following Situations:

• If the injured person is unresponsive, not breathing, or not moving. Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if there is no breathing or pulse.
• If there is heavy or uncontrolled bleeding.
• If even slight pressure or movement causes severe pain.
• If the injured limb or joint appears deformed.
• If the bone has pierced the skin (open fracture).
• If the injured arm or leg—such as a finger or toe—appears numb or bluish at the tip.
• If you suspect a fracture involving the neck, head, or spine.

Do not move the injured person unless it is necessary to prevent further injury.

First Aid Measures While Waiting for Medical Help

• Control bleeding: Apply firm pressure to the wound using a sterile bandage, a clean cloth, or clean clothing.
• Immobilize the injured area: Do not move the affected limb or attempt to realign the bone or push a protruding bone back into place. If you have been trained in splinting and no medical professional is immediately available, apply a splint above and below the fracture site. Padding the splint may help reduce discomfort.
• Apply cold compresses: Use cold packs to reduce swelling and help relieve pain. Do not apply ice directly to the skin; wrap it in a towel, cloth, or other protective material.
• Treat for shock: If the person feels faint or is breathing rapidly or irregularly, have them lie down, slightly lower the head below the level of the torso if possible, and elevate the legs when feasible.