Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders among adults. It refers to difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, or an inability to obtain sufficient continuous sleep despite having adequate time and a suitable sleep environment. Individuals with insomnia often feel dissatisfied with the quality or quantity of their sleep and do not feel well rested upon waking.
Many people experience insomnia at some point, and in many cases it resolves without medical treatment. Although insomnia is often perceived as a normal response to life stressors, it should be taken seriously due to its close association with physical and overall health.
Types of Insomnia
Acute Insomnia:
Characterized by sleep disturbances that occur for a short period of time.
Chronic Insomnia:
Defined as sleep disturbances occurring at least three nights per week for a minimum duration of three months.
Causes
Insomnia may sometimes be a symptom of another underlying condition. Possible causes of chronic insomnia include:
Psychological Causes
- Anxiety and stress
- Psychological pressure
- Emotional or psychological trauma
- Depression
Sleep Routine and Environment
- Travel
- Changes in work schedules (shift work), including evening or nighttime work, even when performed from home
- Daytime napping (which may contribute to insomnia in some individuals)
- An unsuitable sleep environment
- Eating heavy meals before bedtime, which may cause discomfort or acid reflux during sleep
- Caffeine consumption, such as coffee and other stimulants
- Nicotine use (smoking)
Medical Conditions
- Respiratory disorders (such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
- Muscle and joint disorders (such as arthritis)
- Chronic pain
- Certain medications
Symptoms
- Difficulty falling asleep
- Waking up during the night and difficulty returning to sleep
- Waking up earlier than desired
- Feeling unrefreshed after waking
- Fatigue and low energy throughout the day
- Cognitive disturbances (such as difficulty concentrating)
- Behavioral changes (such as impulsivity or irritability)
- Mood fluctuations
- Problems at work or school
- Difficulties in social relationships
