Consanguineous marriage is prevalent in Saudi society, with rates reaching up to 60% in many regions, making it one of the highest rates of cousin marriages worldwide. Such marriages contribute to an increased prevalence of genetic disorders in Saudi Arabia, with approximately 700 hereditary diseases recorded in the Kingdom. The incidence of genetic disorders is estimated at about one case per 1,000 births, according to statistics from the Research Center at King Faisal Specialist Hospital. This rate is significantly higher when compared to other countries, such as Japan, where there is only one case per 8,000 births.

The annual cost of treating genetic disorders in Saudi Arabia is estimated at approximately $30 million, according to the Human Genome website. Genetic disorders are a major cause of child mortality in the Kingdom, in addition to the substantial psychological, social, and health impacts on affected children and their families. While a child can be born with a genetic disorder without parental consanguinity, the risk is significantly higher in cases of consanguineous marriage.

Saudi Arabia has undertaken multiple initiatives to reduce the prevalence of genetic disorders through community awareness programs, particularly targeting those preparing for marriage. Pre-marital screening is of critical importance and is strongly emphasized by the Ministry of Health. Additionally, genetic testing is essential when there is a possibility of a hereditary mutation in one or both partners, especially in families with a history of genetic disorders.

Genetic testing plays a crucial role in preventing further propagation of hereditary diseases. Specialists provide genetic counseling to couples considering marriage, particularly in consanguineous unions, by assessing each case individually and offering informed medical guidance. Notably, acceptance of positive test results—which indicate the likelihood of children being affected by one or more genetic disorders—has increased. In such incompatible cases, approximately 60% of couples decide not to proceed with the marriage. This outcome has been observed through the Healthy Marriage Program, established by the Ministry of Health in 1425 AH, reflecting a marked improvement over previous rates due to enhanced community awareness and education